Foreign Ownership and Exchange Rates on Transfer Pricing Decisions in Manufacturing Companies Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55980/ebasr.v2i1.75Keywords:
Foreign ownership, foreign exchange, multinational company, transfer pricing, strategic planningAbstract
Transfer pricing is the company's policy in determining the transfer price of a transaction. Improved cash flow performance and marketing objectives encourage companies to allocate overhead costs and design strategies in estimating the transfer prices of goods and services produced. This study explores foreign ownership and exchange rates' impact on transfer pricing. This study uses a quantitative approach by examining foreign ownership and exchange rate variables against transfer prices. The data used are the audited financial statements of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2017-2021. The results of this study show that foreign ownership and foreign exchange rates have no impact on transfer prices. This research contributes to the transfer pricing literature regarding transfer pricing policies relating to foreign investment risk and the political power of those who support local government objectives.
References
Agarwal, A., & Chaudhry, N. (2022). Foreign controlling shareholders and corporate investment. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 80(January), 101613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2022.101613
Alquist, R., Berman, N., Mukherjee, R., & Tesar, L. L. (2019). Financial constraints, institutions, and foreign ownership. Journal of International Economics, 118, 63–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2019.01.008
Bartelsman, E. J., & Beetsma, R. M. W. J. (2003). Why pay more? Corporate tax avoidance through transfer pricing in OECD countries. Journal of Public Economics, 87(9–10), 2225–2252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00018-X
Chang, H. H., Hung, C. J., Huang, C. Y., Wong, K. H., & Tsai, Y. J. (2017). Social capital and transaction cost on co-creating IT value towards inter-organizational EMR exchange. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 97, 247–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.10.015
Chen, R., El Ghoul, S., Guedhami, O., & Wang, H. (2017). Do state and foreign ownership affect investment efficiency? Evidence from privatizations. Journal of Corporate Finance, 42, 408–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2014.09.001
Choi, J. H., & Limnios, C. (2022). Choice of foreign exchange intervention and inflation targeting commitment. Finance Research Letters, 46(PB), 102402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102402
Corbo, V., & Di Casola, P. (2022). Drivers of consumer prices and exchange rates in small open economies. Journal of International Money and Finance, 122, 102553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2021.102553
Davies, R. B., Martin, J., Parenti, M., & Toubal, F. (2018). Knocking on Tax Haven's Door: Multinational Firms and Transfer Pricing. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 100(1), 120–134. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00673
de Carvalho Pereira, G. M., Farias Pereira, S. C., Cooper, M. C., & Gardner, J. T. (2020). An intra-organizational perspective on supply management involvement in contracting services. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 26(5), 100657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2020.100657
Dharmapala, D. (2014). What Do We Know about Base Erosion and Profit Shifting? A Review of the Empirical Literature. Fiscal Studies, 35(4), 421–448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.2014.12037.x
Ding, X., Guedhami, O., Ni, Y., & Pittman, J. A. (2020). Local and foreign institutional investors, information asymmetries, and state ownership. Pacific Basin Finance Journal, 63(July), 101405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2020.101405
Ejigu, M. E., & Desalegn, T. A. (2023). How does strategic planning influence the performance of financial institutions? An empirical study of Ethiopia. IIMB Management Review, 35(1), 26–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2023.03.003
Faltermeier, J., Lama, R., & Medina, J. P. (2022). Foreign exchange intervention for commodity booms and busts. European Economic Review, 143(October 2020), 104018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.104018
Fan, R., Pan, J., Yu, M., & Gao, H. (2022). Corporate governance of controlling shareholders and labor employment decisions: Evidence from a parent board reform in China. Economic Modelling, 108(43), 105753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2021.105753
Gao, L., & Zhao, X. (2015). Determining intra-company transfer pricing for multinational corporations. International Journal of Production Economics, 168, 340–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.07.006
Hasan, I., Kim, I., Teng, H., & Wu, Q. (2022). The effect of foreign institutional ownership on corporate tax avoidance: International evidence. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 46, 100440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2021.100440
He, Q., Wang, W., & Yu, J. (2023). Exchange rate co-movements and corporate foreign exchange exposures: A study on RMB. International Review of Financial Analysis, 102831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102831
Ho, E. H. C. (2022). Foreign participation in local currency government bond markets in emerging Asia: Benefits and pitfalls to market stability. Journal of International Money and Finance, 128, 102699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2022.102699
Ho, T., Nguyen, Y., Parikh, B., & Vo, D. T. (2020). Does foreign exchange risk matter to equity research analysts when forecasting stock prices? Evidence from U.S. firms. International Review of Financial Analysis, 72(August), 101568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2020.101568
Jian, M., Liu, T., Hayrutdinov, S., & Fu, H. (2022). Supply chain coordination based on the probability optimization of target profit. Advances in Production Engineering And Management, 17(2), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.14743/apem2022.2.428
Kamrad, B., Ord, K., & Schmidt, G. M. (2021). "Maximizing the probability of realizing profit targets versus maximizing expected profits: A reconciliation to resolve an agency problem." International Journal of Production Economics, 238(March 2020), 108154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2021.108154
Karkinsky, T., & Riedel, N. (2012). Corporate taxation and the choice of patent location within multinational firms. Journal of International Economics, 88(1), 176–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2012.04.002
Klein, M. A. (2019). Establishment productivity convergence and the effect of foreign ownership at the frontier. World Development, 122, 245–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.05.025
Koch, M., & Smolka, M. (2019). Foreign ownership and skill-biased technological change. Journal of International Economics, 118, 84–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2019.01.017
Kohlhase, S., & Wielhouwer, J. L. (2023). Tax and tariff planning through transfer prices: The role of the head office and business unit. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 75(2–3), 101568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2022.101568
Kurpiela, S., & Teuteberg, F. (2022). Strategic planning of product-service systems: A systematic literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 338(July 2021), 130528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130528
Li, T., & Sun, X. (2023). Is controlling shareholders' credit risk contagious to firms? — Evidence from China. Pacific Basin Finance Journal, 77(November 2022), 101912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2022.101912
Likitwongkajon, N., & Vithessonthi, C. (2022). Internationalization, foreign exchange exposure and firm risk. International Review of Financial Analysis, 83(February), 102334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2022.102334
Lindemanis, M., Loze, A., & Pajuste, A. (2022). The effect of domestic to foreign ownership change on firm performance in Europe. International Review of Financial Analysis, 81(February 2019), 101341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2019.04.004
Liu, B., Tan, K., Wong, S. M. L., & Yip, R. W. Y. (2022). Intra-industry information transfer in emerging markets: Evidence from China. Journal of Banking and Finance, 140, 106518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2022.106518
Liu, R., Si, H., & Miao, M. (2022). One false step can make a great difference: Does corporate litigation cause the exit of the controlling shareholder? Journal of Corporate Finance, 73(February 2021), 102192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2022.102192
Mahmoudian, F., Lu, J., Yu, D., Nazari, J. A., & Herremans, I. M. (2021). Inter-and intra-organizational stakeholder arrangements in carbon management accounting. The British Accounting Review, 53(1), 100933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2020.100933
Nasir, M. A., Duc Huynh, T. L., & Vo, X. V. (2020). Exchange rate pass-through & management of inflation expectations in a small open inflation targeting economy. International Review of Economics and Finance, 69(February), 178–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2020.04.010
Ojha, D., Patel, P. C., & Parida, V. (2023). Virtual integration in SMEs: The digitalization circuitry of dynamic strategic planning for SMEs. International Journal of Information Management, April, 102657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102657
Pleninger, R., & Sturm, J. E. (2020). The effects of economic globalization and ethnic fractionalization on redistribution. World Development, 130, 104945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104945
Plesner Rossing, C. (2013). Tax strategy control: The case of transfer pricing tax risk management. Management Accounting Research, 24(2), 175–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mar.2013.04.008
Plesner Rossing, J. C., & Pearson, T. C. (2022). Tax-compliant transfer pricing of intra-group services: The soft drink case. Journal of Accounting Education, 61, 100815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccedu.2022.100815
Rahman, M. M., & Alam, K. (2022). Effects of corruption, technological innovation, globalization, and renewable energy on carbon emissions in asian countries. Utilities Policy, 79(October), 101448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2022.101448
Sercu, P., & Uppal, R. (2003). Exchange rate volatility and international trade: A general-equilibrium analysis. European Economic Review, 47(3), 429–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00175-1
Sha, Z. (2023). The effect of globalization, foreign direct investment, and natural resource rent on economic recovery: Evidence from G7 economies. Resources Policy, 82(March), 103474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103474
Shi, C. V., Zhao, X., & Xia, Y. (2010). The setting of profit targets for target oriented divisions. European Journal of Operational Research, 206(1), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2010.01.047
Tang, R. W. (2023). Institutional unpredictability and foreign exit−reentry dynamics: The moderating role of foreign ownership. Journal of World Business, 58(2), 101389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2022.101389
Toh, M. Y., & Jia, D. (2021). Do foreign ownership and home-host country distance matter? Evidence on the impact of bank market power on liquidity creation in a selected Southeast Asian country. Research in International Business and Finance, 56(February 2020), 101350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2020.101350
Ullah, S., Majeed, A., & Popp, J. (2023). Determinants of bank's efficiency in an emerging economy: A data envelopment analysis approach. PLoS ONE, 18(3 March), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281663
Wan, N., & Hong, D. (2019). The impacts of subsidy policies and transfer pricing policies on the closed-loop supply chain with dual collection channels. Journal of Cleaner Production, 224, 881–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.274
Wang, Q., Gao, S., Li, J., & Leibrecht, M. (2023). Do foreign investors affect the volatility of local currency bond prices? Empirical evidence from China. Heliyon, 9(6), e16658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16658
Wu, T., An, F., Gao, X., & Wang, Z. (2023). Hidden causality between oil prices and exchange rates. Resources Policy, 82(March), 103512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103512
Wu, Z., & Lu, X. (2018). The effect of transfer pricing strategies on optimal control policies for a tax-efficient supply chain. Omega (United Kingdom), 80, 209–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2018.03.003
Xiong, R., Wan, Q., & Liang, W. (2022). On foreign-invested enterprises' exit: Economic development or labor market price regulation? China Economic Quarterly International, 2(3), 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceqi.2022.08.006
Yameogo, C. E. W., Omojolaibi, J. A., & Dauda, R. O. S. (2021). Economic globalization, institutions and environmental quality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Research in Globalization, 3(May 2020), 100035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resglo.2020.100035
Yildirim, C., Kasman, A., & Hamid, F. S. (2021). Impact of foreign ownership on market power: Do regional banks behave differently in ASEAN countries? Economic Modelling, 105(September), 105654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2021.105654
Yusoff, I., Chen, C., Lai, K., Naiker, V., & Wang, J. (2023). Foreign exchange exposure and analysts' earnings forecasts. Journal of Banking and Finance, 146, 106715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2022.106715
Zeitun, R., & Goaied, M. (2021). The nonlinear effect of foreign ownership on capital structure in Japan: A panel threshold analysis. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 68(December 2020), 101594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2021.101594
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Fathinus Syafrizal, Ahmad Farabi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.










